July 2006
Baghdad, WWI, General Maude
Mesopotamian Campaign Part of Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
Date: November, 1914 - November 14, 1918
Location: Iraq
Result: British Victory
Mesopotamian Campaign:
The Mesopotamian Campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of the World War I fought between Allied Powers represented by the British Empire, mostly troops from the British Raj, and Central Powers, mostly of the Ottoman Empire.
Frederick Stanley Maude:
The above picture shows an equestrian statue of the General which stood in the ground of the British Embassy in Baghdad until it was destroyed during the Revolution in 1958.
The newly appointed British commander in chief
Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Stanley Maude (
PICTURES ABOVE),changed the Mesopotamian scene within a year from one of despair to one of victory.
http://www.greatwar.nl/frames/default-bagdade.htmlPrince Faisal:
Prince Faisal
In 1920, after a troublesome rebellion led by Iraqi nationalists
(which left hundreds of British soldiers dead),
Britain installed their figurehead Prince Faisal (PICTURE ABOVE) as king of Iraq.
During the Great War Feisal and his friend Colonel T.E. Lawrence (of Arabia) had been leaders of an Arab bedouin army that had harassed the Turks.
The conquest of Iraq by the American coalition which started on March 2003, called to mind the occupation of Iraq by the British army during the Great War in March 1917 under the command of General Stanley Maude.
The above picture shows an equestrian statue of the General which stood in the ground of the British Embassy in Baghdad until it was destroyed during the Revolution in 1958.
Frederick Stanley Maude Bio:General Sir Frederick Stanley Maude (June 24, 1864 - November 18, 1917) was a British soldier. Usually referred to as Stanley Maude, he is most famous for his efforts in Mesopotamia during World War I.
He was born in Gibraltar into a military family, his father was Sir Frederick Francis Maude – a general who was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1855 during the Crimean War. Maude attended Eton College and then Sandhurst military college. He graduated in 1883 and joined the Coldstream Guards in February 1884.
He first saw active service in Egypt from March-September 1885, where he was awarded the Egyptian Medal and the Khedive's Egyptian Star. He next saw service as a Major during the Second Boer War, where he served from January 1900 to March 1901, he won a DSO and the Queen's South African Medal. From 1902-04 he served on the staff of the Governor-General of Canada, he returned to Britain to become second-in-command at the Coldstream Guards and then he joined the general staff, was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1907 and full Colonel in 1911.
In WWI Maude first served in France. He was a staff officer with III Corps when in October 1914 he was promoted to Brigadier-General and given command of the 14th Brigade. He was wounded in April 1915 and returned home to recover. He returned to France in May and in June he was promoted to Major-General and transferred to command 33rd Division, then still in training. However in mid-August he was instead given charge of 13th Division, then in Suvla. The 13th suffered heavy casualties retreating from Suvla and landing and later evacuating from Helles before being shifted to Mesopotamia in March 1916.
They arrived to catch the end of the British failure at the Siege of Kut and Maude was promoted to Lieutenant-General and replaced George Gorringe as commander of the
newly dubbed Tigris Corps (3rd Army Corps) in July 1916.Despite being instructed to do no more than hold the existing line Maude set about to reorganising and re-supplying his mixed British and Indian forces.
He was made commander of all Allied forces in Mesopotamia in late July 1916.
Given reinforcements and more equipment, Maude directed his force in a steady series of victories. Advancing up the Tigris and winning the battles of Mohammed Abdul Hassan, Hai and Dahra in January 1917, recapturing Kut in February 1917 and then taking Baghdad on March 11, 1917. (He issued the oft-quoted Proclamation of Baghdad on 19 March.) From Baghdad he launched the Samarrah Offensive and extended his operations to the Euphrates and Diyala rivers. After a lull over the summer by November his forces were engaged at Ramadi and Tikrit when he became ill from cholera (apparently from drinking unboiled milk) and died. Curiously he died in the same house as General Goltz a year earlier.
He was succeeded by William Marshall who was remarkably inactive as a general. The British military headquarters in Baghdad's Green Zone was named "Maude House" in 2003.
"Our armies do not come into your cities and lands as conquerors or enemies,
but as liberators." -- Baghdad, March, 1917
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Stanley_Maude"
General Maude, WWI, Baghdad
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Stanley_Maude
July 24, 2006